LowerVariadic.cpp

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//===- LowerVariadic.cpp - Lowering Variadic to Binary Ops ------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This pass lowers variadic operations to binary operations using a
// delay-aware algorithm for commutative operations.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "circt/Dialect/Comb/CombDialect.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Comb/CombOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/HW/HWDialect.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/HW/HWOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Synth/Analysis/LongestPathAnalysis.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Synth/SynthOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Synth/Transforms/SynthPasses.h"
#include "mlir/Analysis/TopologicalSortUtils.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Block.h"
#include "mlir/IR/OpDefinition.h"
#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
#include "mlir/Support/LLVM.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/LogicalResult.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
 
#define DEBUG_TYPE "synth-lower-variadic"
 
namespace circt {
namespace synth {
#define GEN_PASS_DEF_LOWERVARIADIC
#include "circt/Dialect/Synth/Transforms/SynthPasses.h.inc"
} // namespace synth
} // namespace circt
 
using namespace circt;
using namespace synth;
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Lower Variadic pass
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
namespace {
 
struct LowerVariadicPass : public impl::LowerVariadicBase<LowerVariadicPass> {
  using LowerVariadicBase::LowerVariadicBase;
  void runOnOperation() override;
};
 
} // namespace
 
/// Construct a balanced binary tree from a variadic operation using a
/// delay-aware algorithm. This function builds the tree by repeatedly combining
/// the two values with the earliest arrival times, which minimizes the critical
/// path delay.
static LogicalResult replaceWithBalancedTree(
    IncrementalLongestPathAnalysis *analysis, mlir::IRRewriter &rewriter,
    Operation *op, llvm::function_ref<bool(OpOperand &)> isInverted,
    llvm::function_ref<Value(ValueWithArrivalTime, ValueWithArrivalTime)>
        createBinaryOp) {
  // Collect all operands with their arrival times and inversion flags
  SmallVector<ValueWithArrivalTime> operands;
  size_t valueNumber = 0;
 
  for (size_t i = 0, e = op->getNumOperands(); i < e; ++i) {
    int64_t delay = 0;
    // If analysis is available, use it to compute the delay.
    // If not available, use zero delay and `valueNumber` will be used instead.
    if (analysis) {
      auto result = analysis->getMaxDelay(op->getOperand(i));
      if (failed(result))
        return failure();
      delay = *result;
    }
    operands.push_back(ValueWithArrivalTime(op->getOperand(i), delay,
                                            isInverted(op->getOpOperand(i)),
                                            valueNumber++));
  }
 
  // Use shared tree building utility
  auto result = buildBalancedTreeWithArrivalTimes<ValueWithArrivalTime>(
      operands,
      // Combine: create binary operation and compute new arrival time
      [&](const ValueWithArrivalTime &lhs, const ValueWithArrivalTime &rhs) {
        Value combined = createBinaryOp(lhs, rhs);
        int64_t newDelay = 0;
        if (analysis) {
          auto delayResult = analysis->getMaxDelay(combined);
          if (succeeded(delayResult))
            newDelay = *delayResult;
        }
        return ValueWithArrivalTime(combined, newDelay, false, valueNumber++);
      });
 
  rewriter.replaceOp(op, result.getValue());
  return success();
}
 
using OperandKey = llvm::SmallVector<std::pair<mlir::Value, bool>>;
 
namespace llvm {
template <>
struct DenseMapInfo<OperandKey> {
  static unsigned getHashValue(const OperandKey &val) {
    llvm::hash_code hash = 0;
    // Iteratively combine the hash of each pair in the vector
    for (const auto &pair : val) {
      hash = llvm::hash_combine(
          hash, DenseMapInfo<mlir::Value>::getHashValue(pair.first),
          pair.second);
    }
    return static_cast<unsigned>(hash);
  }
 
  static bool isEqual(const OperandKey &lhs, const OperandKey &rhs) {
    // std::vector and std::pair already implement operator==,
    // which does a deep equality check of the elements.
    return lhs == rhs;
  }
};
} // namespace llvm
 
// Struct for ordering the andInverterOp operations we have already seen
struct OperandPairLess {
  bool operator()(const std::pair<mlir::Value, bool> &lhs,
                  const std::pair<mlir::Value, bool> &rhs) const {
    if (lhs.first != rhs.first) {
      auto lhsArg = llvm::dyn_cast<mlir::BlockArgument>(lhs.first);
      auto rhsArg = llvm::dyn_cast<mlir::BlockArgument>(rhs.first);
      if (lhsArg && rhsArg)
        return lhsArg.getArgNumber() < rhsArg.getArgNumber();
      if (lhsArg)
        return true;
      if (rhsArg)
        return false;
 
      auto *lhsOp = lhs.first.getDefiningOp();
      auto *rhsOp = rhs.first.getDefiningOp();
      return lhsOp->isBeforeInBlock(rhsOp);
    }
    return lhs.second < rhs.second;
  }
};
 
static OperandKey getSortedOperandKey(aig::AndInverterOp op) {
  OperandKey key;
  for (size_t i = 0, e = op.getNumOperands(); i < e; ++i)
    key.emplace_back(op.getOperand(i), op.isInverted(i));
 
  std::sort(key.begin(), key.end(), OperandPairLess());
  return key;
}
 
static void simplifyWithExistingOperations(
    aig::AndInverterOp op, mlir::IRRewriter &rewriter,
    llvm::DenseMap<OperandKey, mlir::Value> &seenExpressions) {
 
  if (op.getNumOperands() <= 2)
    return;
 
  OperandKey allOperands = getSortedOperandKey(op);
  mlir::SmallVector<Value> newValues;
  mlir::SmallVector<bool> newInversions;
 
  for (auto it = allOperands.begin(); it != allOperands.end(); ++it) {
    // Look at the remaining operands from 'it' to the end
    OperandKey remaining(it, allOperands.end());
 
    auto match = seenExpressions.find(remaining);
    if (match != seenExpressions.end() && match->second != op.getResult()) {
      newValues.push_back(match->second);
      newInversions.push_back(false);
 
      // We found a match that covers everything from 'it' to the end,
      // so we can stop searching.
      break;
    }
 
    // No match, add it to the new list of values and inversions.
    newValues.push_back(it->first);
    newInversions.push_back(it->second);
  }
 
  if (newValues.size() < allOperands.size()) {
    rewriter.modifyOpInPlace(op, [&]() {
      op.getOperation()->setOperands(newValues);
      op.setInverted(newInversions);
    });
  }
}
 
void LowerVariadicPass::runOnOperation() {
  if (getOperation()->getNumRegions() != 1 ||
      getOperation()->getRegion(0).getBlocks().size() != 1)
    return;
  // Topologically sort operations in graph regions to ensure operands are
  // defined before uses.
  mlir::Block &bodyBlock = getOperation()->getRegion(0).getBlocks().front();
  auto *moduleOp = getOperation();
 
  if (!mlir::sortTopologically(
          &bodyBlock, [](Value val, Operation *op) -> bool {
            if (isa_and_nonnull<hw::HWDialect>(op->getDialect()))
              return isa<hw::InstanceOp>(op);
            return !isa_and_nonnull<comb::CombDialect, synth::SynthDialect>(
                op->getDialect());
          })) {
    mlir::emitError(moduleOp->getLoc())
        << "Failed to topologically sort graph region blocks";
    return signalPassFailure();
  }
 
  // Get longest path analysis if timing-aware lowering is enabled.
  synth::IncrementalLongestPathAnalysis *analysis = nullptr;
  if (timingAware.getValue()) {
    if (!dyn_cast<hw::HWModuleOp>(moduleOp)) {
      moduleOp->emitWarning(
          "Longest Path Analysis failed: expected 'hw.module', but found '")
          << moduleOp->getName().getStringRef()
          << "'. Only HWModuleOps are currently supported.";
    } else {
      analysis = &getAnalysis<synth::IncrementalLongestPathAnalysis>();
    }
  }
 
  // Build set of operation names to lower if specified.
  SmallVector<OperationName> names;
  for (const auto &name : opNames)
    names.push_back(OperationName(name, &getContext()));
 
  // Return true if the operation should be lowered.
  auto shouldLower = [&](Operation *op) {
    // If no names specified, lower all variadic ops.
    if (names.empty())
      return true;
    return llvm::find(names, op->getName()) != names.end();
  };
 
  mlir::IRRewriter rewriter(&getContext());
  rewriter.setListener(analysis);
 
  // Simplify exising andInverterOps by reusing operations.
  if (reuseSubsets) {
    llvm::DenseMap<OperandKey, mlir::Value> seenExpressions;
    // First collect all the andInverterOp operations in the block.
    for (auto &op : bodyBlock.getOperations()) {
      if (auto andInverterOp = llvm::dyn_cast<aig::AndInverterOp>(op)) {
        OperandKey key = getSortedOperandKey(andInverterOp);
        seenExpressions[key] = andInverterOp.getResult();
      }
    }
    // Now try to replace operations with subsets.
    for (auto &op : bodyBlock.getOperations()) {
      if (auto andInverterOp = llvm::dyn_cast<aig::AndInverterOp>(op)) {
        simplifyWithExistingOperations(andInverterOp, rewriter,
                                       seenExpressions);
      }
    }
  }
 
  // FIXME: Currently only top-level operations are lowered due to the lack of
  //        topological sorting in across nested regions.
  for (auto &opRef : llvm::make_early_inc_range(bodyBlock.getOperations())) {
    auto *op = &opRef;
    // Skip operations that don't need lowering or are already binary.
    if (!shouldLower(op) || op->getNumOperands() <= 2)
      continue;
 
    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
 
    // Handle invertible Synth ops specially to preserve inversion flags.
    auto result =
        mlir::TypeSwitch<Operation *, LogicalResult>(op)
            .Case<aig::AndInverterOp, XorInverterOp>([&](auto op) {
              return replaceWithBalancedTree(
                  analysis, rewriter, op,
                  // Check if each operand is inverted.
                  [&](OpOperand &operand) {
                    return op.isInverted(operand.getOperandNumber());
                  },
                  // Create binary AndInverterOp with inversion flags.
                  [&](ValueWithArrivalTime lhs, ValueWithArrivalTime rhs) {
                    return decltype(op)::create(
                        rewriter, op->getLoc(), lhs.getValue(), rhs.getValue(),
                        lhs.isInverted(), rhs.isInverted());
                  });
            })
            .Default([&](Operation *op) {
              // Handle commutative operations (and, or, xor, mul, add, etc.)
              // using delay-aware lowering to minimize critical path.
              if (isa_and_nonnull<comb::CombDialect>(op->getDialect()) &&
                  op->hasTrait<OpTrait::IsCommutative>())
                return replaceWithBalancedTree(
                    analysis, rewriter, op,
                    // No inversion flags for standard commutative operations.
                    [](OpOperand &) { return false; },
                    // Create binary operation with the same operation type.
                    [&](ValueWithArrivalTime lhs, ValueWithArrivalTime rhs) {
                      OperationState state(op->getLoc(), op->getName());
                      state.addOperands(
                          ValueRange{lhs.getValue(), rhs.getValue()});
                      state.addTypes(op->getResult(0).getType());
                      auto *newOp = Operation::create(state);
                      rewriter.insert(newOp);
                      return newOp->getResult(0);
                    });
              return success();
            });
    if (failed(result))
      return signalPassFailure();
  }
}