ConvertToArcs.cpp

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//===- ConvertToArcs.cpp --------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "circt/Conversion/ConvertToArcs.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Arc/ArcOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/HW/HWOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/LLHD/IR/LLHDOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Seq/SeqOps.h"
#include "circt/Dialect/Sim/SimOps.h"
#include "circt/Support/ConversionPatternSet.h"
#include "circt/Support/Namespace.h"
#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
#include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
#include "mlir/Transforms/RegionUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
 
#define DEBUG_TYPE "convert-to-arcs"
 
using namespace circt;
using namespace arc;
using namespace hw;
using llvm::MapVector;
using llvm::SmallSetVector;
using mlir::ConversionConfig;
 
static bool isArcBreakingOp(Operation *op) {
  if (isa<TapOp>(op))
    return false;
  return op->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>() ||
         isa<hw::InstanceOp, seq::CompRegOp, MemoryOp, MemoryReadPortOp,
             ClockedOpInterface, seq::InitialOp, seq::ClockGateOp,
             sim::DPICallOp>(op) ||
         op->getNumResults() > 1 || op->getNumRegions() > 0 ||
         !mlir::isMemoryEffectFree(op);
}
 
static LogicalResult convertInitialValue(seq::CompRegOp reg,
                                         SmallVectorImpl<Value> &values) {
  if (!reg.getInitialValue())
    return values.push_back({}), success();
 
  // Use from_immutable cast to convert the seq.immutable type to the reg's
  // type.
  OpBuilder builder(reg);
  auto init = seq::FromImmutableOp::create(builder, reg.getLoc(), reg.getType(),
                                           reg.getInitialValue());
 
  values.push_back(init);
  return success();
}
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Conversion
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
namespace {
struct Converter {
  LogicalResult run(ModuleOp module);
  LogicalResult runOnModule(HWModuleOp module);
  LogicalResult analyzeFanIn();
  void extractArcs(HWModuleOp module);
  LogicalResult absorbRegs(HWModuleOp module);
 
  /// The global namespace used to create unique definition names.
  Namespace globalNamespace;
 
  /// All arc-breaking operations in the current module.
  SmallVector<Operation *> arcBreakers;
  SmallDenseMap<Operation *, unsigned> arcBreakerIndices;
 
  /// A post-order traversal of the operations in the current module.
  SmallVector<Operation *> postOrder;
 
  /// The set of arc-breaking ops an operation in the current module
  /// contributes to, represented as a bit mask.
  MapVector<Operation *, APInt> faninMasks;
 
  /// The sets of operations that contribute to the same arc-breaking ops.
  MapVector<APInt, DenseSet<Operation *>> faninMaskGroups;
 
  /// The arc uses generated by `extractArcs`.
  SmallVector<mlir::CallOpInterface> arcUses;
 
  /// Whether registers should be made observable by assigning their arcs a
  /// "name" attribute.
  bool tapRegisters;
};
} // namespace
 
LogicalResult Converter::run(ModuleOp module) {
  for (auto &op : module.getOps())
    if (auto sym =
            op.getAttrOfType<StringAttr>(SymbolTable::getSymbolAttrName()))
      globalNamespace.newName(sym.getValue());
  for (auto module : module.getOps<HWModuleOp>())
    if (failed(runOnModule(module)))
      return failure();
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult Converter::runOnModule(HWModuleOp module) {
  // Find all arc-breaking operations in this module and assign them an index.
  arcBreakers.clear();
  arcBreakerIndices.clear();
  for (Operation &op : *module.getBodyBlock()) {
    if (isa<seq::InitialOp>(&op))
      continue;
    if (!isArcBreakingOp(&op) && !isa<hw::OutputOp>(&op))
      continue;
    arcBreakerIndices[&op] = arcBreakers.size();
    arcBreakers.push_back(&op);
  }
  // Skip modules with only `OutputOp`.
  if (module.getBodyBlock()->without_terminator().empty() &&
      isa<hw::OutputOp>(module.getBodyBlock()->getTerminator()))
    return success();
  LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "Analyzing " << module.getModuleNameAttr() << " ("
                          << arcBreakers.size() << " breakers)\n");
 
  // For each operation, figure out the set of breaker ops it contributes to,
  // in the form of a bit mask. Then group operations together that contribute
  // to the same set of breaker ops.
  if (failed(analyzeFanIn()))
    return failure();
 
  // Extract the fanin mask groups into separate combinational arcs and
  // combine them with the registers in the design.
  extractArcs(module);
  if (failed(absorbRegs(module)))
    return failure();
 
  return success();
}
 
LogicalResult Converter::analyzeFanIn() {
  SmallVector<std::tuple<Operation *, SmallVector<Value, 2>>> worklist;
  SetVector<Value> seenOperands;
  auto addToWorklist = [&](Operation *op) {
    seenOperands.clear();
    for (auto operand : op->getOperands())
      seenOperands.insert(operand);
    mlir::getUsedValuesDefinedAbove(op->getRegions(), seenOperands);
    worklist.emplace_back(op, seenOperands.getArrayRef());
  };
 
  // Seed the worklist and fanin masks with the arc breaking operations.
  faninMasks.clear();
  for (auto *op : arcBreakers) {
    unsigned index = arcBreakerIndices.lookup(op);
    auto mask = APInt::getOneBitSet(arcBreakers.size(), index);
    faninMasks[op] = mask;
    addToWorklist(op);
  }
 
  // Establish a post-order among the operations.
  DenseSet<Operation *> seen;
  DenseSet<Operation *> finished;
  postOrder.clear();
  while (!worklist.empty()) {
    auto &[op, operands] = worklist.back();
    if (operands.empty()) {
      if (!isArcBreakingOp(op) && !isa<hw::OutputOp>(op))
        postOrder.push_back(op);
      finished.insert(op);
      seen.erase(op);
      worklist.pop_back();
      continue;
    }
    auto operand = operands.pop_back_val(); // advance to next operand
    auto *definingOp = operand.getDefiningOp();
    if (!definingOp || isArcBreakingOp(definingOp) ||
        finished.contains(definingOp))
      continue;
    if (!seen.insert(definingOp).second) {
      definingOp->emitError("combinational loop detected");
      return failure();
    }
    addToWorklist(definingOp);
  }
  LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "- Sorted " << postOrder.size() << " ops\n");
 
  // Compute fanin masks in reverse post-order, which will compute the mask
  // for an operation's uses before it computes it for the operation itself.
  // This allows us to compute the set of arc breakers an operation
  // contributes to in one pass.
  for (auto *op : llvm::reverse(postOrder)) {
    auto mask = APInt::getZero(arcBreakers.size());
    for (auto *user : op->getUsers()) {
      while (user->getParentOp() != op->getParentOp())
        user = user->getParentOp();
      auto it = faninMasks.find(user);
      if (it != faninMasks.end())
        mask |= it->second;
    }
 
    auto duplicateOp = faninMasks.insert({op, mask});
    (void)duplicateOp;
    assert(duplicateOp.second && "duplicate op in order");
  }
 
  // Group the operations by their fan-in mask.
  faninMaskGroups.clear();
  for (auto [op, mask] : faninMasks)
    if (!isArcBreakingOp(op) && !isa<hw::OutputOp>(op))
      faninMaskGroups[mask].insert(op);
  LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "- Found " << faninMaskGroups.size()
                          << " fanin mask groups\n");
 
  return success();
}
 
void Converter::extractArcs(HWModuleOp module) {
  DenseMap<Value, Value> valueMapping;
  SmallVector<Value> inputs;
  SmallVector<Value> outputs;
  SmallVector<Type> inputTypes;
  SmallVector<Type> outputTypes;
  SmallVector<std::pair<OpOperand *, unsigned>> externalUses;
 
  arcUses.clear();
  for (auto &group : faninMaskGroups) {
    auto &opSet = group.second;
    OpBuilder builder(module);
 
    auto block = std::make_unique<Block>();
    builder.setInsertionPointToStart(block.get());
    valueMapping.clear();
    inputs.clear();
    outputs.clear();
    inputTypes.clear();
    outputTypes.clear();
    externalUses.clear();
 
    Operation *lastOp = nullptr;
    // TODO: Remove the elements from the post order as we go.
    for (auto *op : postOrder) {
      if (!opSet.contains(op))
        continue;
      lastOp = op;
      op->remove();
      builder.insert(op);
      for (auto &operand : op->getOpOperands()) {
        if (opSet.contains(operand.get().getDefiningOp()))
          continue;
        auto &mapped = valueMapping[operand.get()];
        if (!mapped) {
          mapped = block->addArgument(operand.get().getType(),
                                      operand.get().getLoc());
          inputs.push_back(operand.get());
          inputTypes.push_back(mapped.getType());
        }
        operand.set(mapped);
      }
      for (auto result : op->getResults()) {
        bool anyExternal = false;
        for (auto &use : result.getUses()) {
          if (!opSet.contains(use.getOwner())) {
            anyExternal = true;
            externalUses.push_back({&use, outputs.size()});
          }
        }
        if (anyExternal) {
          outputs.push_back(result);
          outputTypes.push_back(result.getType());
        }
      }
    }
    assert(lastOp);
    arc::OutputOp::create(builder, lastOp->getLoc(), outputs);
 
    // Create the arc definition.
    builder.setInsertionPoint(module);
    auto defOp =
        DefineOp::create(builder, lastOp->getLoc(),
                         builder.getStringAttr(globalNamespace.newName(
                             module.getModuleName() + "_arc")),
                         builder.getFunctionType(inputTypes, outputTypes));
    defOp.getBody().push_back(block.release());
 
    // Create the call to the arc definition to replace the operations that
    // we have just extracted.
    builder.setInsertionPoint(module.getBodyBlock()->getTerminator());
    auto arcOp = CallOp::create(builder, lastOp->getLoc(), defOp, inputs);
    arcUses.push_back(arcOp);
    for (auto [use, resultIdx] : externalUses)
      use->set(arcOp.getResult(resultIdx));
  }
}
 
LogicalResult Converter::absorbRegs(HWModuleOp module) {
  // Handle the trivial cases where all of an arc's results are used by
  // exactly one register each.
  unsigned outIdx = 0;
  unsigned numTrivialRegs = 0;
  for (auto callOp : arcUses) {
    auto stateOp = dyn_cast<StateOp>(callOp.getOperation());
    Value clock = stateOp ? stateOp.getClock() : Value{};
    Value reset;
    SmallVector<Value> initialValues;
    SmallVector<seq::CompRegOp> absorbedRegs;
    SmallVector<Attribute> absorbedNames(callOp->getNumResults(), {});
    if (auto names = callOp->getAttrOfType<ArrayAttr>("names"))
      absorbedNames.assign(names.getValue().begin(), names.getValue().end());
 
    // Go through all every arc result and collect the single register that uses
    // it. If a result has multiple uses or is used by something other than a
    // register, skip the arc for now and handle it later.
    bool isTrivial = true;
    for (auto result : callOp->getResults()) {
      if (!result.hasOneUse()) {
        isTrivial = false;
        break;
      }
      auto regOp = dyn_cast<seq::CompRegOp>(result.use_begin()->getOwner());
      if (!regOp || regOp.getInput() != result ||
          (clock && clock != regOp.getClk())) {
        isTrivial = false;
        break;
      }
 
      clock = regOp.getClk();
      reset = regOp.getReset();
 
      // Check that if the register has a reset, it is to a constant zero
      if (reset) {
        Value resetValue = regOp.getResetValue();
        Operation *op = resetValue.getDefiningOp();
        if (!op)
          return regOp->emitOpError(
              "is reset by an input; not supported by ConvertToArcs");
        if (auto constant = dyn_cast<hw::ConstantOp>(op)) {
          if (constant.getValue() != 0)
            return regOp->emitOpError("is reset to a constant non-zero value; "
                                      "not supported by ConvertToArcs");
        } else {
          return regOp->emitOpError("is reset to a value that is not clearly "
                                    "constant; not supported by ConvertToArcs");
        }
      }
 
      if (failed(convertInitialValue(regOp, initialValues)))
        return failure();
 
      absorbedRegs.push_back(regOp);
      // If we absorb a register into the arc, the arc effectively produces that
      // register's value. So if the register had a name, ensure that we assign
      // that name to the arc's output.
      absorbedNames[result.getResultNumber()] = regOp.getNameAttr();
    }
 
    // If this wasn't a trivial case keep the arc around for a second iteration.
    if (!isTrivial) {
      arcUses[outIdx++] = callOp;
      continue;
    }
    ++numTrivialRegs;
 
    // Set the arc's clock to the clock of the registers we've absorbed, bump
    // the latency up by one to account for the registers, add the reset if
    // present and update the output names. Then replace the registers.
 
    auto arc = dyn_cast<StateOp>(callOp.getOperation());
    if (arc) {
      arc.getClockMutable().assign(clock);
      arc.setLatency(arc.getLatency() + 1);
    } else {
      mlir::IRRewriter rewriter(module->getContext());
      rewriter.setInsertionPoint(callOp);
      arc = rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<StateOp>(
          callOp.getOperation(),
          llvm::cast<SymbolRefAttr>(callOp.getCallableForCallee()),
          callOp->getResultTypes(), clock, Value{}, 1, callOp.getArgOperands());
    }
 
    if (reset) {
      if (arc.getReset())
        return arc.emitError(
            "StateOp tried to infer reset from CompReg, but already "
            "had a reset.");
      arc.getResetMutable().assign(reset);
    }
 
    bool onlyDefaultInitializers =
        llvm::all_of(initialValues, [](auto val) -> bool { return !val; });
 
    if (!onlyDefaultInitializers) {
      if (!arc.getInitials().empty()) {
        return arc.emitError(
            "StateOp tried to infer initial values from CompReg, but already "
            "had an initial value.");
      }
      // Create 0 constants for default initialization
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < initialValues.size(); ++i) {
        if (!initialValues[i]) {
          OpBuilder zeroBuilder(arc);
          initialValues[i] = zeroBuilder.createOrFold<hw::ConstantOp>(
              arc.getLoc(),
              zeroBuilder.getIntegerAttr(arc.getResult(i).getType(), 0));
        }
      }
      arc.getInitialsMutable().assign(initialValues);
    }
 
    if (tapRegisters && llvm::any_of(absorbedNames, [](auto name) {
          return !cast<StringAttr>(name).getValue().empty();
        }))
      arc->setAttr("names", ArrayAttr::get(module.getContext(), absorbedNames));
    for (auto [arcResult, reg] : llvm::zip(arc.getResults(), absorbedRegs)) {
      auto it = arcBreakerIndices.find(reg);
      arcBreakers[it->second] = {};
      arcBreakerIndices.erase(it);
      reg.replaceAllUsesWith(arcResult);
      reg.erase();
    }
  }
  if (numTrivialRegs > 0)
    LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "- Trivially converted " << numTrivialRegs
                            << " regs to arcs\n");
  arcUses.truncate(outIdx);
 
  // Group the remaining registers by their clock, their reset and the operation
  // they use as input. This will allow us to generally collapse registers
  // derived from the same arc into one shuffling arc.
  MapVector<std::tuple<Value, Value, Operation *>, SmallVector<seq::CompRegOp>>
      regsByInput;
  for (auto *op : arcBreakers)
    if (auto regOp = dyn_cast_or_null<seq::CompRegOp>(op)) {
      regsByInput[{regOp.getClk(), regOp.getReset(),
                   regOp.getInput().getDefiningOp()}]
          .push_back(regOp);
    }
 
  unsigned numMappedRegs = 0;
  for (auto [clockAndResetAndOp, regOps] : regsByInput) {
    numMappedRegs += regOps.size();
    OpBuilder builder(module);
    auto block = std::make_unique<Block>();
    builder.setInsertionPointToStart(block.get());
 
    SmallVector<Value> inputs;
    SmallVector<Value> outputs;
    SmallVector<Attribute> names;
    SmallVector<Type> types;
    SmallVector<Value> initialValues;
    SmallDenseMap<Value, unsigned> mapping;
    SmallVector<unsigned> regToOutputMapping;
    for (auto regOp : regOps) {
      auto it = mapping.find(regOp.getInput());
      if (it == mapping.end()) {
        it = mapping.insert({regOp.getInput(), inputs.size()}).first;
        inputs.push_back(regOp.getInput());
        types.push_back(regOp.getType());
        outputs.push_back(block->addArgument(regOp.getType(), regOp.getLoc()));
        names.push_back(regOp->getAttrOfType<StringAttr>("name"));
        if (failed(convertInitialValue(regOp, initialValues)))
          return failure();
      }
      regToOutputMapping.push_back(it->second);
    }
 
    auto loc = regOps.back().getLoc();
    arc::OutputOp::create(builder, loc, outputs);
 
    builder.setInsertionPoint(module);
    auto defOp = DefineOp::create(builder, loc,
                                  builder.getStringAttr(globalNamespace.newName(
                                      module.getModuleName() + "_arc")),
                                  builder.getFunctionType(types, types));
    defOp.getBody().push_back(block.release());
 
    builder.setInsertionPoint(module.getBodyBlock()->getTerminator());
 
    bool onlyDefaultInitializers =
        llvm::all_of(initialValues, [](auto val) -> bool { return !val; });
 
    if (onlyDefaultInitializers)
      initialValues.clear();
    else
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < initialValues.size(); ++i) {
        if (!initialValues[i])
          initialValues[i] = builder.createOrFold<hw::ConstantOp>(
              loc, builder.getIntegerAttr(types[i], 0));
      }
 
    auto arcOp =
        StateOp::create(builder, loc, defOp, std::get<0>(clockAndResetAndOp),
                        /*enable=*/Value{}, 1, inputs, initialValues);
    auto reset = std::get<1>(clockAndResetAndOp);
    if (reset)
      arcOp.getResetMutable().assign(reset);
    if (tapRegisters && llvm::any_of(names, [](auto name) {
          return !cast<StringAttr>(name).getValue().empty();
        }))
      arcOp->setAttr("names", builder.getArrayAttr(names));
    for (auto [reg, resultIdx] : llvm::zip(regOps, regToOutputMapping)) {
      reg.replaceAllUsesWith(arcOp.getResult(resultIdx));
      reg.erase();
    }
  }
 
  if (numMappedRegs > 0)
    LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "- Mapped " << numMappedRegs << " regs to "
                            << regsByInput.size() << " shuffling arcs\n");
 
  return success();
}
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// LLHD Conversion
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
/// `llhd.combinational` -> `arc.execute`
static LogicalResult convert(llhd::CombinationalOp op,
                             llhd::CombinationalOp::Adaptor adaptor,
                             ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter,
                             const TypeConverter &converter) {
  // Convert the result types.
  SmallVector<Type> resultTypes;
  if (failed(converter.convertTypes(op.getResultTypes(), resultTypes)))
    return failure();
 
  // Collect the SSA values defined outside but used inside the body region.
  auto cloneIntoBody = [](Operation *op) {
    return op->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>();
  };
  auto operands =
      mlir::makeRegionIsolatedFromAbove(rewriter, op.getBody(), cloneIntoBody);
 
  // Create a replacement `arc.execute` op.
  auto executeOp =
      ExecuteOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), resultTypes, operands);
  executeOp.getBody().takeBody(op.getBody());
  rewriter.replaceOp(op, executeOp.getResults());
  return success();
}
 
/// `llhd.yield` -> `arc.output`
static LogicalResult convert(llhd::YieldOp op, llhd::YieldOp::Adaptor adaptor,
                             ConversionPatternRewriter &rewriter) {
  rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<arc::OutputOp>(op, adaptor.getOperands());
  return success();
}
 
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Pass Infrastructure
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
namespace circt {
#define GEN_PASS_DEF_CONVERTTOARCSPASS
#include "circt/Conversion/Passes.h.inc"
} // namespace circt
 
namespace {
struct ConvertToArcsPass
    : public circt::impl::ConvertToArcsPassBase<ConvertToArcsPass> {
  using ConvertToArcsPassBase::ConvertToArcsPassBase;
  void runOnOperation() override;
};
} // namespace
 
void ConvertToArcsPass::runOnOperation() {
  // Setup the type conversion.
  TypeConverter converter;
 
  // Define legal types.
  converter.addConversion([](Type type) -> std::optional<Type> {
    if (isa<llhd::LLHDDialect>(type.getDialect()))
      return std::nullopt;
    return type;
  });
 
  // Gather the conversion patterns.
  ConversionPatternSet patterns(&getContext(), converter);
  patterns.add<llhd::CombinationalOp>(convert);
  patterns.add<llhd::YieldOp>(convert);
 
  // Setup the legal ops. (Sort alphabetically.)
  ConversionTarget target(getContext());
  target.addIllegalDialect<llhd::LLHDDialect>();
  target.markUnknownOpDynamicallyLegal(
      [](Operation *op) { return !isa<llhd::LLHDDialect>(op->getDialect()); });
 
  // Disable pattern rollback to use the faster one-shot dialect conversion.
  ConversionConfig config;
  config.allowPatternRollback = false;
 
  // Apply the dialect conversion patterns.
  if (failed(applyPartialConversion(getOperation(), target, std::move(patterns),
                                    config))) {
    emitError(getOperation().getLoc()) << "conversion to arcs failed";
    return signalPassFailure();
  }
 
  // Outline operations into arcs.
  Converter outliner;
  outliner.tapRegisters = tapRegisters;
  if (failed(outliner.run(getOperation())))
    return signalPassFailure();
}